abstract：:Annexin II (AX II) is a member of the family of calcium-dependent actin- and phospholipid-binding proteins implicated in numerous intracellular functions such as signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and mRNA transport, as well as in the regulation of membrane/cytoskeleton contacts and extracellular functions. AX...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hayashi A,Nakashima K,Yamagishi K,Hoshi T,Suzuki A,Baba H

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurosteroids, such as progesterone, influence central nervous system development and function by regulating a broad spectrum of physiological processes. Here, we investigated membrane-initiated actions of progesterone in the retina and identified the membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 1 (PGRMC1). We ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Swiatek-De Lange M,Stampfl A,Hauck SM,Zischka H,Gloeckner CJ,Deeg CA,Ueffing M

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schwann cells (SCs) and olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) have shown promise for spinal cord injury repair. We sought their in vivo identification following transplantation into the contused adult rat spinal cord at 1 week post-injury by: (i) DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) with a Y-chromosome specific probe to identif...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Pearse DD,Sanchez AR,Pereira FC,Andrade CM,Puzis R,Pressman Y,Golden K,Kitay BM,Blits B,Wood PM,Bunge MB

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglial cells are the resident macrophages that are involved in brain injuries and infections. Recent studies using transcranial two-photon microscopy have shown that ATP and P2Y receptors mediated rapid chemotactic responses of miroglia to local injury. However, the molecular mechanism for microglial chemotaxis to...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wu LJ,Vadakkan KI,Zhuo M

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between radial glia and neurons migrating tangentially from the ganglionic eminence (GE) has been suggested but not firmly established. To study this relationship we used a ferret model of cortical dysplasia where radial glia are highly disorganized. To produce this, an antimitotic, methylazoxy methan...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Poluch S,Juliano SL

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mature central nervous system (CNS) regulated secretion of ATP from astrocytes is thought to play a significant role in cell signaling. Whether such a mechanism is also operative in the developing nervous system and, if so, during which stage of development, has not been investigated. We have tackled this quest...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Striedinger K,Meda P,Scemes E

更新日期：2007-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the principal component of the intermediary filaments in mature astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). The protein consists of three domains: the head, the coiled-coil, and the tail. Here, we describe the isolation of an evolutionary conserved novel GFAP isoform, GFAP...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Blechingberg J,Holm IE,Nielsen KB,Jensen TH,Jørgensen AL,Nielsen AL

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitogenic growth factors play an important role in the initial stages of oligodendrocyte development, but their roles in the process of myelination itself remain less well defined. In order to study directly the effects of different growth factors on myelination, we used a purified in vitro co-culture system with dors...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Wang Z,Colognato H,Ffrench-Constant C

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of Rho-kinase (ROCK) with Y27632 stimulates sprouting by injured corticospinal tract and dorsal column tract axons, and accelerates functional recovery. However, regeneration of these axons across the glial scar was not observed. Here we examined the effects of Y27632 treatment on chondroitin sulfate proteo...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Chan CC,Wong AK,Liu J,Steeves JD,Tetzlaff W

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial cell-mediated potassium and glutamate homeostases play important roles in the regulation of neuronal excitability. Diminished potassium and glutamate buffering capabilities of astrocytes result in hyperexcitability of neurons and abnormal synaptic transmission. The role of the different K+ channels in maintainin...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kucheryavykh YV,Kucheryavykh LY,Nichols CG,Maldonado HM,Baksi K,Reichenbach A,Skatchkov SN,Eaton MJ

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During action potential conduction, the axonal specializations at the node, together with the adjacent paranodal terminations of the myelin sheath, interact with glial processes that invest the nodal gap. The nature of the mutual signals between axons and myelinating glia, however, are not well understood. Here we hav...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Toews JC,Schram V,Weerth SH,Mignery GA,Russell JT

更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Simvastatin, a lipophilic statin that crosses the blood-brain barrier, is being evaluated as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) due to its anti-inflammatory properties. We assessed the effects of simvastatin on cultures of rat newborn and human fetal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and human adult...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Miron VE,Rajasekharan S,Jarjour AA,Zamvil SS,Kennedy TE,Antel JP

更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In the course of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, new cells go through a series of stages associated with proliferative activity. The most highly proliferative cell type is an intermediate precursor cell, called type-2 cell. We here report that on the level of type-2 cells a transition takes place between features asso...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Steiner B,Klempin F,Wang L,Kott M,Kettenmann H,Kempermann G

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transplantation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) results in efficient remyelination in animal models of demyelination. However, the experiments so far undertaken have not addressed the need for tissue-type matching to achieve graft-mediated remyelination. Examination of MHC expression (main determinant of all...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Tepavcević V,Blakemore WF

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several lines of evidence indicate that the elaborated calcium signals and the occurrence of calcium waves in astrocytes provide these cells with a specific form of excitability. The identification of the cellular and molecular steps involved in the triggering and transmission of Ca(2+) waves between astrocytes result...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Scemes E,Giaume C

更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormonal and locally produced steroids act in the nervous system as neuroendocrine regulators, as trophic factors and as neuromodulators and have a major impact on neural development and function. Glial cells play a prominent role in the local production of steroids and in the mediation of steroid effects on neurons a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Garcia-Segura LM,Melcangi RC

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes support neurons not only physically but also chemically by secreting neurotrophic factors and energy substrates. Moreover, astrocytes establish a glial network and communicate through gap junctions in the brain. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is one of major component proteins in astrocytic gap junctions. Heterozygote ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nakase T,Yoshida Y,Nagata K

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes can experience large intracellular Na+ changes following the activation of the Na+-coupled glutamate transport. The present study investigated whether cytosolic Na+ changes are transmitted to mitochondria, which could therefore influence their function and contribute to the overall intracellular Na+ regulat...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bernardinelli Y,Azarias G,Chatton JY

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic zinc ions released during synaptic transmission interact with pre- and postsynaptic neuroreceptors, thus modulating neurotransmission. It is likely that they have to be efficiently cleared from the extracellular milieu to assure subsequent synaptic events. Both neurons and glia are assumed to participate in t...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Varea E,Alonso-Llosà G,Molowny A,Lopez-Garcia C,Ponsoda X

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by the choroid plexuses (CPs), which are specialized structures located within the brain ventricles. They are composed of a vascularized stroma surrounded by a tight epithelium that controls molecular and cellular traffic between the blood and...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Nataf S,Strazielle N,Hatterer E,Mouchiroud G,Belin MF,Ghersi-Egea JF

更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroadapted Sindbis Virus (NSV) is a neuronotropic virus that causes hindlimb paralysis in susceptible mice and rats. The authors and others have demonstrated that though death of infected motor neurons occurs, bystander death of uninfected neurons also occurs and both contribute to the paralysis that ensues followin...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Carmen J,Gowing G,Julien JP,Kerr D

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to promote proliferation of both retinal progenitors and Muller glia in vitro, but several questions remain concerning an in vivo role for this factor. In this study, we investigated whether the EGF receptor (EGFR) is necessary for the maintenance of normal levels of progenitor a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Close JL,Liu J,Gumuscu B,Reh TA

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are thought to play a variety of key roles in the adult brain, such as their participation in synaptic transmission, in wound healing upon brain injury, and adult neurogenesis. However, to elucidate these functions in vivo has been difficult because of the lack of astrocyte-specific gene targeting. Here we ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Mori T,Tanaka K,Buffo A,Wurst W,Kühn R,Götz M

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal injury in CNS tissues induces a rapid activation and mobilization of resident microglia (MG). It is widely assumed that changes in gene expression drive the morphological transformation of MG and regulate their mobilization during activation. Here, we used acutely excised neonatal rat brain slices to test whe...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Kurpius D,Wilson N,Fuller L,Hoffman A,Dailey ME

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:alpha-Syntrophin, a member of the dystrophin-associated protein complex, is required for proper localization of the water channel aquaporin-4 at the blood-brain barrier. Mice lacking alpha-syntrophin have reduced levels of aquaporin-4 in perivascular astroglial endfeet. Consequently, they exhibit reduced edema and inf...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bragg AD,Amiry-Moghaddam M,Ottersen OP,Adams ME,Froehner SC

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular matrix molecules are involved in the cellular functions of proliferation, migration, morphological differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. One candidate molecule of the extracellular matrix is the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan neurocan. To determine whether neurocan expression is regulated by neuron...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Schwarzacher SW,Vuksic M,Haas CA,Burbach GJ,Sloviter RS,Deller T

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign tumors that arise from the Schwann cells (SCs) lining the vestibular nerve. VS cells survive and proliferate far from neurons and axonally derived growth factors. We have previously shown that VSs produce the glial growth factor, neuregulin-1 (NRG1), and its receptors, ErbB2 and...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Hansen MR,Roehm PC,Chatterjee P,Green SH

更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitogenic role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its involvement in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation were examined in primary cultures of cerebellar astrocytes. Exposure to bFGF resulted in a rapid increase of extracellular S1P formation, bFGF inducing astrocytes to release S1P, but n...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bassi R,Anelli V,Giussani P,Tettamanti G,Viani P,Riboni L

更新日期：2006-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To explore pathways to neuron loss in inflammatory diseases, transgenic mice expressing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in either astrocytes or photoreceptor cells, or both, were inoculated with activated, beta-gal-specific cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs). beta-gal-positive astrocytes in brain were rapidly attacked, ...

journal_title：Glia

authors： McPherson SW,Heuss ND,Roehrich H,Gregerson DS

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute liver failure (ALF) is consistently accompanied by alterations in brain energy metabolites and recent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies suggest disturbances in brain oxidative metabolism in experimental ALF. Glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier is essential to sustain brain energy metabolism a...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Bélanger M,Desjardins P,Chatauret N,Butterworth RF

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:17beta-estradiol (betaE(2)) is an effective neuroprotectant against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced retinal neuronal cell death and light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Müller cells are the principal macroglia responsible for supporting retinal neuronal survival, information processing and removing metabolic...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Li C,Tang Y,Li F,Turner S,Li K,Zhou X,Centola M,Yan X,Cao W

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The removal by phagocytosis of degenerated myelin is central for repair in Wallerian degeneration that follows traumatic injury to axons and in autoimmune demyelinating diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis). We tested for roles played by the cAMP cascade in the regulation of myelin phagocytosis mediated by complement re...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Makranz C,Cohen G,Reichert F,Kodama T,Rotshenker S

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the vertebrate brain, much remains to be understood concerning the origin of glial cell diversity and the potential lineage relationships between the various types of glia. Besides astrocytes and myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, other macroglial cell populations are found in discrete areas of the central nervous sy...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Virard I,Coquillat D,Bancila M,Kaing S,Durbec P

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Minocycline, a derivative of the antibiotic tetracycline, displays neuroprotective properties in various models of neurodegenerative diseases and is now used in clinical trials, because of its relative safety and tolerability. Minocycline passes the blood-brain barrier and is presumed to inhibit microglial activation....

journal_title：Glia

authors： Familian A,Boshuizen RS,Eikelenboom P,Veerhuis R

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A major role for Müller cells in the retina is to buffer changes in the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) resulting from light-evoked neuronal activity. The primary K+ conductance in Müller cells is the inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1. Since this channel is constitutively active, K+ can enter or exit Müller...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Connors NC,Kofuji P

更新日期：2006-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Galactosylceramide (GalC) is the major sphingolipid of the myelin membrane. Mice lacking GalC due to ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) deficiency form unstable and functionally affected myelin and exhibit a progressive demyelination, accompanied by severe motor coordination deficits. In addition to oligodendrocytes...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Zöller I,Büssow H,Gieselmann V,Eckhardt M

更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes play a key role regulating aspects of inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Several enzymes, such as the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), along with different inflammatory mediators such as the free radical nitric oxide (NO) or proinflammatory cytokines, ha...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Ortega-Gutiérrez S,Molina-Holgado E,Guaza C

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocyte proliferation is tightly controlled during development and in the adult nervous system. In the present study, we find that a high-molecular-weight (MW) form of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is found in rat spinal cord tissue and becomes degraded soon after traumatic spinal cord injury. Newly synthesi...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Struve J,Maher PC,Li YQ,Kinney S,Fehlings MG,Kuntz C 4th,Sherman LS

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dentate neurogenesis, important for learning and memory, declines dramatically by middle age. Although studies have shown that this age-related decrease can be reversed to some extent by exogenous applications of mitogenic factors, it is unclear whether one or more of these factors exhibits decline by middle age. We h...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Shetty AK,Hattiangady B,Shetty GA

更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Water balance between cells and extracellular compartments is essential for proper functioning of the central nervous system, as demonstrated by its perturbations in pathological conditions. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in brain and spinal cord, where it is present mainly on astrocytic endfeet c...

journal_title：Glia

authors： Vitellaro-Zuccarello L,Mazzetti S,Bosisio P,Monti C,De Biasi S

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00